Display apparatus and method of driving the same

ABSTRACT

A display apparatus includes a plurality of pixels. A pixel includes a first capacitor connected between a first voltage line receiving a first driving signal and a first node, a first transistor comprising a control electrode connected to the first node, a first electrode connected to a second voltage line receiving a first power source signal and a second electrode connected to a second node, an organic light emitting diode comprising an anode electrode connected to the second node and a cathode electrode receiving a second power source signal, a second capacitor connected between an m-th data line and the second node (wherein, ‘m’ is a natural number) and a second transistor comprising a control electrode connected to an n-th scan line (wherein, ‘n’ is a natural number), a first electrode connected to the first node and a second electrode connected to the second node.

This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 16/391,142 filed on Apr. 22, 2019, which is a continuationapplication of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/400,465 filed on Jan.6, 2017 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,311,793), which claims priority under 35USC § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2016-0061093 filed on May18, 2016, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures ofwhich are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

Exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept relate to a displayapparatus and a method of driving the display apparatus. Moreparticularly, example embodiments of the inventive concept relate to adisplay apparatus having a simple pixel structure and a method ofdriving the display apparatus.

2. Description of the Related Art

Recently, various flat panel display devices that reduce weight andvolume have been developed. The flat panel display devices include aliquid crystal display (LCD) device, a field emission display (FED)device, a plasma display panel (PDP) device, an organic light emittingdisplay (OLED) device, etc.

The OLED device has advantages such as rapid response speed and lowpower consumption because the OLED device among the flat panel displaydevices displays an image using an organic light emitting diode thatemits a light during recombination of electrons and holes.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept provide a displayapparatus for improving a display quality in a standby mode that is alow-power mode.

Exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept provide a method ofdriving the display apparatus.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept, there isprovided a display apparatus. The display apparatus includes a pluralityof pixels. A pixel of the plurality of pixels includes a first capacitorconnected between a first voltage line receiving a first driving signaland a first node, a first transistor comprising a control electrodeconnected to the first node, a first electrode connected to a secondvoltage line receiving a first power source signal and a secondelectrode connected to a second node, an organic light emitting diodecomprising an anode electrode connected to the second node and a cathodeelectrode receiving a second power source signal, a second capacitorconnected between an m-th data line and the second node (wherein, ‘m’ isa natural number) and a second transistor comprising a control electrodeconnected to an n-th scan line (wherein, ‘n’ is a natural number), afirst electrode connected to the first node and a second electrodeconnected to the second node.

In an exemplary embodiment, the pixel may further include a thirdtransistor comprising a control electrode connected to a third voltageline receiving a second driving signal, a first electrode connected tothe first voltage line and a second electrode connected to the secondnode.

In an exemplary embodiment, each of the first, second and thirdtransistors may be an N-type transistor.

In an exemplary embodiment, during a first period of a frame period, thefirst voltage line may receive a low voltage of a first driving signal,the second voltage line may receive a high voltage of the first powersource signal, the third voltage line may receive a high voltage of thesecond driving signal and the n-th scan line may receive a high voltageof a scan signal.

In an exemplary embodiment, during a second period of the frame period,the first voltage line may receive a low voltage of the first drivingsignal, the second voltage line may receive a low voltage of the firstpower source signal lower than the low voltage of the first drivingsignal, the third voltage line may receive a low voltage of the seconddriving signal, and the n-th scan line may receive a high voltage of thescan signal.

In an exemplary embodiment, during a third period of the frame period,the first voltage line may receive a low voltage of the first drivingsignal, the second voltage line may receive a high voltage of the firstpower source signal, the third voltage line may receive a low voltage ofthe second driving signal, the n-th scan line may receive a high voltageof the scan signal during an n-th horizontal period in the third period,and the m-th data line may receive a data voltage corresponding to aplurality of horizontal lines.

In an exemplary embodiment, during the n-th horizontal period, a datavoltage corresponding to an n-th horizontal line may be divided by avoltage division ratio of the first and second capacitors which areconnected in series and divided voltage may be applied to the firstnode.

In an exemplary embodiment, the m-th data line may receive s a referencevoltage before the m-th data line receives a data voltage correspondingto a first horizontal line of a plurality of horizontal lines, and them-th data line may receive a reference voltage after the m-th data linereceives a data voltage corresponding to a last horizontal line of aplurality of horizontal lines.

In an exemplary embodiment, the m-th data line may receive a referencevoltage before the first voltage line receives a high voltage of thefirst driving signal and, the reference voltage may be equal to or lowerthan a lowest voltage in a voltage range of the data voltage.

In an exemplary embodiment, during a fourth period of the frame period,the first voltage line may receive a high voltage of the first drivingsignal, the second voltage line may receive a high voltage of the firstpower source signal, the third voltage line may receive a low voltage ofthe second driving signal, and the n-th scan line may receive a lowvoltage of the scan signal.

In an exemplary embodiment, when a difference voltage between the highvoltage and the low voltage of the first driving signal is applied tothe first node, the first transistor may be turned on and a drivingcurrent corresponding to the data voltage applied to the first node mayflow through the organic light emitting diode.

In an exemplary embodiment, each of the first, second and thirdtransistors may be a P-type transistor.

In an exemplary embodiment, during a first period, the first voltageline may receive a low voltage of the first driving signal, the secondvoltage line may receive a low voltage of the first power source signal,the third voltage line may receive a low voltage of the second drivingsignal, and the n-th scan line receives a low voltage of the scansignal.

In an exemplary embodiment, the low voltage of the first power sourcesignal may be higher than the low voltage of the first driving signal.

In an exemplary embodiment, during a second period of the frame period,the first voltage line may receive a low voltage of the first drivingsignal, the second voltage line may receive a low voltage of the firstpower source signal, the third voltage line may receive a high voltageof the second driving signal and the n-th scan line may receive a lowvoltage of the scan signal.

In an exemplary embodiment, during a third period of the fame period,the first voltage line may receive a low voltage of the first drivingsignal, the second voltage line may receive a low voltage of the firstpower source signal, the third voltage line may receive a high voltageof the second driving signal, the n-th scan line may receive a lowvoltage of the scan signal during an n-th horizontal period in the thirdperiod, and the m-th data line may receive a data voltage correspondingto a plurality of horizontal lines.

In an exemplary embodiment, during the n-th horizontal period, a datavoltage corresponding to an n-th horizontal line may be divided by avoltage division ratio of the first and second capacitors which areconnected in series and divided voltage may be applied to the firstnode.

In an exemplary embodiment, the m-th data line may receive a referencevoltage before the m-th data line receives a data voltage correspondingto a first horizontal line of a plurality of horizontal lines, and them-th data line may receive a reference voltage after the m-th data linereceives a data voltage corresponding to a last horizontal line of aplurality of horizontal lines.

In an exemplary embodiment, the m-th data line may receive a referencevoltage before the first voltage line receives a high voltage of thefirst driving signal, and the reference voltage mat be equal to or lowerthan a lowest voltage in a voltage range of the data voltage.

In an exemplary embodiment, during a fourth period of the frame period,the first voltage line may receive a high voltage of the first drivingsignal, the second voltage line may receive a high voltage of the firstpower source signal, the third voltage line may receive a high voltageof the second driving signal, and the n-th scan line may receive a highvoltage of the scan signal.

In an exemplary embodiment, when a difference voltage between the highvoltage and the low voltage of the first driving signal may be appliedto the first node, the first transistor is turned on and a drivingcurrent corresponding to the data voltage applied to the first node mayflow through the organic light emitting diode.

In an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the second and thirdtransistors may have a dual gate structure.

In an exemplary embodiment, a first insulating interlayer may bedisposed on the control electrode of the first transistor and a firstelectrode of the first capacitor, the first voltage line and the secondelectrode of the first capacitor which are disposed on the firstinsulating interlayer, a second insulating interlayer may be disposed onthe first voltage line and the second electrode of the first capacitor,the m-th data line and a first electrode of the second capacitor whichare disposed on the second insulating interlayer, and a third insulatinginterlayer may be disposed on the m-th data line and a first electrodeof the second capacitor, the second voltage line and a second electrodeof the second capacitor which are disposed on the third insulatinginterlayer.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept, there isprovided a method of a display apparatus which includes a plurality ofpixels which respectively comprises an organic light emitting diode. Themethod includes applying a low voltage of a first driving signal to ananode electrode of the organic light emitting diode to initialize theanode electrode, applying a low voltage of a first power source signalto a first electrode of a first transistor to diode-connect the firsttransistor, dividing a data voltage applied to a data line using firstand second capacitors which are connected in series to apply dividedvoltage to a control electrode of the first transistor; and applying ahigh voltage of the first driving signal to the control electrode of thefirst transistor to emit a light from the organic light emitting diode.

In an exemplary embodiment, when the first transistor may be an N-typetransistor, the low voltage of the first power source signal may belower than the low voltage of the first driving signal, and the lowvoltages of the first power source signal and the first driving signalmay be lower than a voltage of second power source signal applied to acathode electrode of the organic light emitting diode.

In an exemplary embodiment, when the first transistor may be a P-typetransistor, the low voltage of the first power source signal may behigher than the low voltage of the first driving signal, and the lowvoltages of the first power source signal and the first driving signalmay be lower than a voltage of second power source signal applied to acathode electrode of the organic light emitting diode.

In an exemplary embodiment, a difference between the high and lowvoltages of the first driving signal may be applied to a controlelectrode of the first transistor, a high voltage of the first drivingsignal being preset based on a turn-on voltage of the first transistor.

In an exemplary embodiment, the method may further include applying areference voltage to a data line before the data line receives a datavoltage corresponding to a first horizontal line of a plurality ofhorizontal lines, and applying the reference voltage to the data lineafter the data line receives a data voltage corresponding to a lasthorizontal line of a plurality of horizontal lines.

In an exemplary embodiment, the data line may receive the referencevoltage before a control electrode of the first transistor receives thehigh voltage of the first driving signal.

In an exemplary embodiment, each of initializing the anode electrode,diode-coupling the first transistor and emitting the light from theorganic light emitting diode may be simultaneously performed in allpixels.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept, there isprovided a display device. The display device includes a plurality ofpixels. A pixel of the plurality of pixels includes a first transistorcomprising a control electrode connected to a first node, a firstelectrode connected to a second voltage line receiving a first powersource signal and a second electrode connected to a second node, a firstcapacitor connected between a first voltage line receiving a firstdriving signal and the first node, an organic light emitting diodecomprising an anode electrode connected to the second node and a cathodeelectrode receiving a second power source signal, and a second capacitorconnected between an m-th data line and the second node (wherein, ‘m’ isa natural number.

In an exemplary embodiment, the pixel may further include a secondtransistor comprising a control electrode connected to an n-th scan line(wherein, ‘n’ is a natural number), a first electrode connected to thefirst node and a second electrode connected to the second node

In an exemplary embodiment, the pixel may further include a thirdtransistor comprising a control electrode connected to a third voltageline receiving a second driving signal, a first electrode connected tothe first voltage line and a second electrode connected to the secondnode.

In an exemplary embodiment, each of the first, second and thirdtransistors may be an N-type transistor, and a low voltage of the firstdriving signal is greater than a sum of a low voltage of the first powersource and a threshold voltage of the first transistor and less than asum of the second power source signal and a turn on voltage of theorganic light emitting diode.

In an exemplary embodiment, each of the first, second and thirdtransistors is a P-type transistor, and a low voltage of the first powersource signal is greater than a low voltage of the first driving signaland less than the second power source signal.

According to the inventive concept, the pixel circuit may include onlythree transistors and two capacitors and thus, an ultra high definitiondisplay may be easily designed using the pixel circuit. In addition, thecompensating period in the frame period may be freely controlled andthus, sufficiently obtained. In addition, whether the organic lightemitting diode emits or not the light may be controlled by adjusting alevel of the first power source signal.

BRIEF DESRCIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other features and advantages of the inventive conceptwill become more apparent by describing in detailed exemplaryembodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a display apparatus according toan exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a pixel circuit according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a timing chart illustrating a plurality of input signals of adisplay apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a method of drivingthe pixel circuit according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a method of drivingthe pixel circuit according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 6A and 6B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a method of drivingthe pixel circuit according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 7A and 7B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a method of drivingthe pixel circuit according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram illustrating a pixel circuit according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a timing chart illustrating a plurality of input signals of adisplay apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 are circuit diagrams illustrating pixel circuitsaccording to exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 13 is a plan view illustrating a display part of a displayapparatus according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line I-I′ of FIG. 13;and

FIGS. 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 are plan views illustrating a method ofmanufacturing of the display part according to an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESRCIPTION

Hereinafter, the inventive concept will be explained in detail withreference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a display apparatus according toan exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1, the display apparatus may include a controller 100,a display part 110, a data driver 130, a scan driver 150 and a voltagegenerator 170.

The controller 100 may be configured to generally control the displayapparatus to display an image on the display part 110. The controller100 is configured to receive a control signal 101 c and image data 101d. The controller 100 is configured to provide the data driver 130 witha data control signal 103 c and the image data 103 d in order to drivethe data driver 130. The controller 100 is configured to provide thescan driver 150 with a scan control signal 105 c in order to drive thescan driver 150. The controller 100 is configured to provide the voltagegenerator 170 with a voltage control signal 107 c in order to drive thevoltage generator 170.

The controller 100 is configured to drive the display part 110 during aframe period which may include an initializing period, a compensatingperiod, a data-programming period and a light-emitting period.

The display part 110 may include a plurality of pixels P, a plurality ofdata lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM, a plurality of scan lines SL1,. . . , SLn, . . . , SLN, a first voltage line VL1, a second voltageline VL2 and a third voltage line VL3.

Each of the plurality of pixels P may include an organic light emittingdiode and three transistors and two capacitors, which drive the organiclight emitting diode.

The data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM may respectively extend ina first direction D1 and be arranged in a second direction D2 crossingthe first direction D1. Each data line DLm is configured to transfer adata voltage to pixels P in a same pixel-column which are arranged inthe first direction D1.

The scan lines SL1, . . . , SLn, . . . , SLN may extend in the seconddirection D2 and be arranged in the first direction D1. Each scan lineSLn is configured to transfer a scan signal to pixels P in a samepixel-row which are arranged in the second direction D2.

The first voltage line VL1 may transfer a first driving signal Vinit tothe plurality of pixels P and the plurality of pixels P may commonly usethe first voltage line VL1.

The second voltage line VL2 may transfer a first power source signalELVDD to the plurality of pixels P and the plurality of pixels P maycommonly use the second voltage line VL2.

The third voltage line VL3 may transfer a second driving signal Vcomp tothe plurality of pixels P and the plurality of pixels P may commonly usethe third voltage line VL3.

The data driver 130 is configured to provide the data lines DL1, . . . ,DLm, . . . , DLM with the data voltage corresponding to the image dataduring the data-programming period of the frame period.

In addition, the data driver 130 is configured to provide the data linesDL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM with a reference voltage before or afterthe data-programming period. The reference voltage may be equal to orlower than a black voltage corresponding to a black grayscale.

The scan driver 150 is configured to sequentially provide the scan linesSL1, . . . , SLn, . . . , SLN with the scan signals. The scan signal mayhave a high voltage and a low voltage.

The voltage generator 170 is configured to generate the first drivingsignal Vinit, the second driving signal Vcomp, the first power sourcesignal ELVDD and a second power source signal ELVSS.

The first driving signal Vinit is applied to the first voltage line VL1and has a high voltage and a low voltage. The high voltage and the lowvoltage of the first driving signal Vinit may have predetermined highand low voltages for driving the pixel P, respectively.

The second driving signal Vcomp is applied to the third voltage line VL3and has a high voltage and a low voltage. The high voltage and the lowvoltage of the second driving signal Vcomp may respectively correspondto the high voltage and the low voltage of the scan signal.

The first power source signal ELVDD is applied to the second voltageline VL2 and has a high voltage and a low voltage. The high voltage ofthe first power source signal ELVDD may have a high voltage of a normalpositive power source signal and the low voltage of the first powersource signal ELVDD may have a predetermined low voltage for driving thepixel P.

The second power source signal ELVSS is applied to a common electrode ofthe pixels P, that is a cathode electrode of an organic light emittingdiode and may have a low voltage of a normal negative power sourcesignal.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a pixel circuit according to anexemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the pixel circuit PC1 may be included in thepixel P of the display part 110. The pixel circuit PC1 is an equivalentcircuit of the pixel P.

The pixel circuit PC1 may include a first transistor T1, a secondtransistor T2, a third transistor T3, a first capacitor Cst, a secondcapacitor Cpr and an organic light emitting diode OLED.

According to the exemplary embodiment, each of the first, second andthird transistors T1, T2 and T3 may be an N-type transistor. The N-typetransistor may be turned on when a high voltage is applied to a controlelectrode, and turned off when a low voltage is applied to the controlelectrode. According to the exemplary embodiment, the high voltage maybe a turn-on voltage of the N-type transistor and the low voltage may bea turn-off voltage of the N-type transistor.

The first transistor T1 may include a control electrode CE1 connected toa first node N1, a first electrode E11 connected to a second voltageline VL2 and a second electrode E12 connected to a second node N2. Thesecond voltage line VL2 is configured to receive the first power sourcesignal ELVDD.

The first power source signal ELVDD may have a high voltage which is avoltage of a normal positive power source signal and a low voltage whichis a predetermined low voltage for driving the pixel circuit PC1. Thefirst power source signal ELVDD may have the low voltage during thecompensating period in which a threshold voltage of the first transistorT1 is compensated, and the high voltage during a remaining period of theframe period except for the compensating period.

The second transistor T2 may include a control electrode CE2 connectedto the n-th scan line SLn, a first electrode E21 connected to the firstnode N1 and a second electrode E22 connected to the second node N2. Then-th scan line SLn is configured to receive an n-th scan signal S(n).The n-th scan signal S(n) may have a high voltage which turns on thesecond transistor T2 and a low voltage which turns off the secondtransistor T2. The second transistor T2 may diode-couple the firsttransistor T1 during the compensating period. That is, the secondtransistor T2 may connect the control electrode CE1 and the second nodeN2 of the first transistor T1 during the compensating period.

The third transistor T3 may include a control electrode CE3 connected tothe third voltage line VL3, a first electrode E31 connected to the firstvoltage line VL1 and a second electrode E32 connected to the second nodeN2. The first voltage line VL1 is configured to receive a first drivingsignal Vinit.

The first driving signal Vinit may have high and low voltages which arepredetermined high and low voltages driving the pixel circuit PC1. Thefirst driving signal Vinit has the high voltage during thelight-emitting period during which the organic light emitting diode OLEDemits the light, and the low voltage during a remaining period of theframe period except for the light-emitting period.

The third voltage line VL3 is configured to receive the second drivingsignal Vcomp. The second driving signal Vcomp may have a high voltagewhich turns on the third transistor T3 and a low voltage which turns offthe third transistor T3.

The first capacitor Cst may be connected between the first voltage lineVL1 and the first node N1. The first capacitor Cst may store a nodevoltage applied to the first node N1.

The second capacitor Cpr may be connected between the second node N2 andm-th data line DLm. The second capacitor Cpr may store the data voltageapplied to the m-th data line DLm.

The first and second capacitors Cst and Cpr may be serially connectedbetween the m-th data line DLm and the first voltage line VL1 throughthe second transistor T2. The data voltage applied to the m-th data lineDLm may be divided by a voltage division ratio of the first and secondcapacitors Cst and Cpr and divided data voltage may be applied to thefirst node N1.

The organic light emitting diode OLED may include an anode electrodeconnected to the second node N2 and a cathode electrode which receivesthe second power source signal ELVSS.

When the transistor T1 is turned on, a driving current corresponding tothe data voltage applied to the first node N1 may flow through theorganic light emitting diode OLED and thus, the organic light emittingdiode OLED may emit the light.

FIG. 3 is a timing chart illustrating a plurality of input signals of adisplay apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the display part may receive a pluralityof input signals. The plurality of input signal may include the firstpower source signal ELVDD applied to the second voltage line VL2, thefirst driving signal Vinit applied to the first voltage line VL1, thesecond driving signal Vcomp applied to the third voltage line VL3, aplurality of scan signals S(1), . . . , S(n), . . . S(N) applied to theplurality of scan lines, a data voltage DATA applied to the plurality ofdata lines and the second power source signal ELVSS applied to thecathode electrode of the organic light emitting diode OLED. The datavoltage DATA may be referred to as a data voltage applied to the m-thdata line DLm of the plurality of data lines.

The frame period may include a first period ‘a’ during which the anodeelectrode of the organic light emitting diode OLED is initialized, asecond period ‘b’ during which the threshold voltage of the firsttransistor T1 is compensated, a third period ‘c’ during which the datavoltage is applied to the pixel and a fourth period ‘d’ during which theorganic light emitting diode OLED emit the light.

Referring to the first period ‘a’, the first voltage line VL1 receives alow voltage initL of the first driving signal Vinit. The low voltageinitL of the first driving signal Vinit may be defined as the followingEquation 1.

ELVDD_(L) +V _(m,T1)<init_(L)<ELVSS+V _(on,OLED)  Equation 1

In Equation 1, Vth,_(T1) represents a threshold voltage of the firsttransistor T1, Von,_(OLED) represents a minimum voltage of the organiclight emitting diode OLED while the organic light emitting diode OLEDemits the light (‘a turn on voltage of the organic light emitting diodeOLED’).

The third voltage line VL3 may receive a high voltage VGH of the seconddriving signal Vcomp. The high voltage VGH of the second driving signalVcomp may have a turn-on voltage of the third transistor T3. Forexample, the high voltage VGH of the second driving signal Vcomp may beabout 10 V.

The second voltage line VL2 may receive a high voltage ELVDDH of thefirst power source signal ELVDD. The high voltage ELVDDH of the firstpower source signal ELVDD may have a voltage of a normal positive powersource signal.

For example, the low voltage initL of the first driving signal Vinit maybe about −2.2 V, the high voltage ELVDD_(H) of the first power sourcesignal ELVDD may be about 7 V, the low voltage ELVDDL of the first powersource signal ELVDD may be about −7 V, and the second power sourcesignal ELVSS may be about 0 V.

The plurality of scan lines SL1, . . . , SLn, . . . , SLN maysimultaneously receive the high voltages VGH of the plurality of scansignals S(1), . . . , S(n), . . . S(N). The high voltage VGH of the scansignal may have a turn-on voltage of the second transistor T2. Forexample, the high voltage VGH of the scan signal may be about 10 V.

The plurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM may receive areference voltage Vref. The reference voltage Vref may be equal to orlower than a lowest voltage in a voltage range of the data voltage. Forexample, when the voltage range of the data voltage is about 0.5V toabout 7.5 V, the reference voltage Vref may be equal to or lower thanabout 0.5 V.

During the first period ‘a’, the anode electrodes of the organic lightemitting diodes OLED which is connected to the second node N2 and thefirst node N1 in all pixels may be initialized by the low voltage initLof the first driving signal Vinit, simultaneously.

Referring to the second period ‘b’, the first voltage line VL1 isconfigured to receive the low voltage initL of the first driving signalVinit.

The third voltage line VL3 is configured to receive a low voltage VGL ofsecond driving signal Vcomp. The low voltage VGL of the second drivingsignal Vcomp may have a turn-off voltage of the third transistor T3. Forexample, the low voltage VGL of the second driving signal Vcomp may beabout −10 V.

The second voltage line VL2 is configured to receive a low voltageELVDDL of the first power source signal ELVDD. For example, the lowvoltage ELVDDL of the first power source signal ELVDD may be about −7 V.

The plurality of scan lines SL1, . . . , SLn, . . . , SLN is configuredto simultaneously receive high voltages VGH of the plurality of scansignals S(1), . . . , S(n), . . . S(N) as the first period ‘a’.

The plurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM is configuredto receive the reference voltage Vref as the first period ‘a’.

During the second period ‘b’, the threshold voltages of the firsttransistors T1 in all pixels may be simultaneously compensated using thesum voltage of the low voltage ELVDDL of the first power source signalELVDD and the threshold voltage Vth,_(T1) of corresponding firsttransistor T1.

Referring to the third period ‘c’, the second voltage line VL2 isconfigured to receive a high voltage ELVDDH of the first power sourcesignal ELVDD.

The first voltage line VL1 is configured to receive the low voltageinitL of the first driving signal Vinit.

The third voltage line VL3 is configured to receive the low voltage VGLof the second driving signal Vcomp.

The plurality of scan lines SL1, . . . , SLn, . . . , SLN is configuredto sequentially receive high voltages VGH of the plurality of scansignals S(1), . . . , S(n), . . . S(N).

The plurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM is configuredto receive the data voltage DATA respectively corresponding to theplurality of horizontal lines in synchronization with the high voltagesVGH of the plurality of scan signals S(1), . . . , S(n), . . . S(N).

The first node N1 is configured to receive divided data voltage by avoltage division ratio of the first and second capacitors Cst and Cprduring a corresponding horizontal period of the pixel.

In addition, the third period ‘c’ may include at least one holdingperiod during which the plurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . ., DLM is configured to receive a reference voltage Vref. The holdingperiod may be disposed before a first horizontal period in which a datavoltage of a first horizontal line is applied to the plurality of datalines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM and after a last horizontal periodin which a data voltage of a last horizontal line is applied to theplurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM. Therefore, theplurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM may be maintainedinto the reference voltage Vref during the holding period.

Referring to the fourth period ‘d’, the second voltage line VL2 isconfigured to receive the high voltage ELVDDH of the first power sourcesignal ELVDD.

The first voltage line VL1 is configured to receive a high voltage initHof the first driving signal Vinit. The high voltage initH of the firstdriving signal Vinit may be determined based on a turn-on voltage of thefirst transistor T1. For example, the high voltage initH of the firstdriving signal Vinit may be about 6.5 V.

The third voltage line VL3 is configured to receive the low voltage VGLof the second driving signal Vcomp.

The plurality of scan lines SL1, . . . , SLn, . . . , SLN is configuredto simultaneously receive the low voltages VGL of the plurality of scansignals S(1), . . . , S(n), . . . S(N).

The plurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM is configuredto simultaneously receive the reference voltage Vref.

During the fourth period ‘d’, driving current corresponding to the datavoltage applied to the first node N1 may be provided to the organiclight emitting diode OLED and the organic light emitting diode OLED mayemit the light. Thus, the organic light emitting diodes OLED in allpixels may simultaneously emit the light.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a method of drivingthe pixel circuit according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the first period ‘a’ may correspond to aninitializing period of the organic light emitting diode OLED.

In the first period ‘a’, the low voltage initL of first driving signalVinit is applied to the first voltage line VL1, the high voltage VGH ofthe second driving signal Vcomp is applied to the third voltage lineVL3, and the high voltage ELVDDH of the first power source signal ELVDDis applied to the second voltage line VL2. The n-th scan line SLnreceives the high voltage VGH of the n-th scan signal S(n). The m-thdata line DLm receives the reference voltage Vref.

Referring to a method of driving the pixel circuit PC1, the low voltageinitL of the first driving signal Vinit is applied to the first node N1.The second transistor T2 is turned on in response to the high voltageVGH of the n-th scan signal S(n).

The third transistor T3 is turned on in response to the high voltage VGHof the second driving signal Vcomp, and then the low voltage initL ofthe first driving signal Vinit is provided to the second node N2. Theanode electrode of the organic light emitting diode OLED connected tothe second node N2 may be initialized by the low voltage initL of thefirst driving signal Vinit.

Therefore, during the first period ‘a’, the organic light emitting diodeOLED may be initialized.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a method of drivingthe pixel circuit according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the second period ‘b’ may correspond to acompensating period during which the threshold voltage of the firsttransistor T1 is compensated.

In the second period ‘b’, the low voltage initL of the first drivingsignal Vinit is applied to the first voltage line VL1, the low voltageVGL of the second driving signal Vcomp is applied to the third voltageline VL3, the low voltage ELVDDL of the first power source signal ELVDDis applied to the second voltage line VL2. The n-th scan line SLnreceives the high voltage VGH of the n-th scan signal S(n). The m-thdata line receives the reference voltage Vref.

The second transistor T2 is turned on in response to the high voltageVGH of the n-th scan signal S(n). The third transistor T3 is turned offin response to the low voltage VGL of the second driving signal Vcomp.

When the second transistor T2 is turned on, the control electrode CE1and the second electrode E12 of the first transistor T1 are connected toeach other and the low voltage ELVDD_(L) of the first power sourcesignal ELVDD is applied to the first electrode E11 of the firsttransistor T1.

Because a drain electrode E12 which has a higher voltage than a sourceelectrode E11 is connected to the gate, the transistor isdiode-connected.

A voltage applied to the first electrode E11 of the first transistor T1is determined to be lower than the low voltage initL of the firstdriving signal Vinit applied to the second electrode E12 and thus, thefirst electrode E11 may drive as the source and the second electrode E12may drive as the drain.

Therefore, when the second transistor T2 is turned on, the gate anddrain of the first transistor T1 are connected to each other and thefirst transistor T1 is diode-connected.

When the first transistor T1 is diode-connected, the first node N1connected to the control electrode CE1 of the first transistor T1receives a voltage corresponding to a sum voltage of the low voltageELVDD_(L) of the first power source signal and the threshold voltageVth,T1 of the first transistor T1.

Therefore, the threshold voltage of the first transistor T1 may becompensated.

According to the exemplary embodiment, a length of the second period ‘b’may be freely adjusted in the frame period and thus a sufficientcompensating period may be obtained.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a method of drivingthe pixel circuit according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIGS. 6A and 6B, the third period ‘c’ may correspond to adata-programming period during which the data voltage is applied to theplurality of pixels.

In the third period ‘c’, the low voltage initL of the first drivingsignal Vinit is applied to the first voltage line VL1, the low voltageVGL of the second driving signal Vcomp is applied to the third voltageline VL3, and the high voltage ELVDD_(H) of the first power sourcesignal ELVDD is applied to the second voltage line VL2. The n-th scanline SLn receives a high voltage VGH of an n-th scan signal S(n) duringan n-th horizontal period Hn of the third period ‘c’. The m-th data lineDLm receives an n-th data voltage Vdata(n) of an n-th horizontal linecorresponding to the n-th horizontal period Hn during the n-thhorizontal period Hn.

Referring to the method of driving the pixel circuit PC1, the firsttransistor T1 which has the control electrode CE1 connected to the firstnode N1 is turned off because V_(GS) of the first transistor T1 is lessthan the threshold voltage Vth,T1. The first node N1 receives a voltage(ELVDD_(L)+Vth,T1+αΔVdata) corresponding to a sum voltage of the lowvoltage ELVDD_(L) of the first power source signal ELVDD, the thresholdvoltage Vth,T1 of the first transistor T1 and a divided voltage αΔVdata.The third transistor T3 is turned off in response to the low voltage VGLof the second driving signal Vcomp.

The second transistor T2 is turned on in response to the high voltageVGH of the n-th scan signal S(n), and then the first node N1 isconnected to the second node N2. The first capacitor Cst and the secondcapacitor Cpr are connected to the first node N1 in series by theturned-on second transistor T2.

The n-th data voltage Vdata(n) corresponding to the pixel circuit PC1 isapplied to the m-th data line DLm. The m-th data line DLm receives adifference voltage ΔVdata between the n-th data voltage Vdata(n) and thereference voltage Vref.

The first and second capacitors Cst and Cpr which are connected to thefirst node N1 in series has a voltage division ratio α corresponding tothe first node N1. The voltage division ratio α and the differencevoltage ΔVdata may be defined as the following Equation 2.

$\begin{matrix}{{{\alpha = \frac{C_{pr}}{C_{st} + C_{pr}}}\Delta V_{data}} = {V_{{data}\mspace{11mu} {(n)}} - V_{ref}}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 2}\end{matrix}$

Therefore, the difference voltage ΔVdata is divided by the voltagedivision ratio α of the first and second capacitors Cst and Cpr anddivided voltage αΔVdata corresponding to the n-th data voltage Vdata(n)is applied to the first node N1.

Therefore, a voltage defined as the following Equation 3 may be appliedto the first node N1 during the n-th horizontal period Hn.

ELVDD_(L)+V_(th,T1)+α·ΔV_(data)  Equation 3

According to the exemplary embodiment, the third period ‘c’ may includea first holding period h1 corresponding to an early period of the thirdperiod ‘c’ and a second holding period h2 corresponding to a late periodof the third period ‘c’.

The first holding period h1 may correspond to a period which is before afirst horizontal period in which a data voltage Vdata(1) of a firsthorizontal line is applied to the plurality of data lines DL1, . . . ,DLm, . . . , DLM. During the first holding period h1, the referencevoltage Vref is applied to the plurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm,. . . , DLM and thus, the plurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . .. , DLM may hold the reference voltage Vref before the first horizontalperiod.

The second holding period h2 may correspond to a period which is afteran N-th horizontal period in which the data voltage Vdata(N) of an N-thhorizontal line, that is a last horizontal line, is applied to theplurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM. During the secondholding period h2, the reference voltage Vref is applied to theplurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM and thus, theplurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM may hold thereference voltage Vref after the N-th horizontal period.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a method of drivingthe pixel circuit according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIGS. 7A and 7B, the fourth period ‘d’ may correspond to alight-emitting period during which the organic light emitting diode OLEDemits the light.

Referring to the fourth period ‘d’, the high voltage initH of the firstdriving signal Vinit is applied to the first voltage line VL1, the lowvoltage VGL of the second driving signal Vcomp is applied to the thirdvoltage line VL3, and the high voltage ELVDD_(H) of the first powersource signal ELVDD is applied to the second voltage line VL2. The n-thscan line SLn receives the low voltage VGL of the n-th scan signal S(n).The m-th data line DLm receives the reference voltage Vref.

Referring to the method of driving the pixel circuit PC1, the highvoltage initH of the first driving signal Vinit is applied to the firstnode N1 and thus, a voltage defined as the following Equation 4 may beapplied to the first node N1.

ELVDD_(L)+V_(th,T1)+α·ΔV_(data)+ΔV_(init)  Equation 4

In Equation 4, a difference voltage ΔVinit represents a differencevoltage between the high and low voltages initH and initL of the firstdriving signal Vinit.

When the voltage defined as the following Equation 4 is applied to thecontrol electrode CE1 of the first transistor T1, the first transistorT1 is turned on based on the difference voltage ΔVinit.

The second transistor T2 is turned off in response to the low voltageVGL of the n-th scan signal S(n) and the third transistor T3 is turnedoff in response to the low voltage VGL of the second driving signalVcomp.

Therefore, the first transistor T1 is turned on and thus, a drivingcurrent ID corresponding to the data voltage may flow through theorganic light emitting diode OLED. The organic light emitting diode OLEDmay emit the light.

According to the exemplary embodiment, the pixel circuit may includeonly three transistors and two capacitors and thus, an ultra highdefinition display may be easily designed using the pixel circuit. Inaddition, the length of the compensating period in the frame period maybe freely controlled and thus, a sufficient compensation period isobtained. In addition, whether the organic light emitting diode emits ornot the light may be controlled by adjusting a level of the first powersource signal ELVDD.

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram illustrating a pixel circuit according to anexemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 8, the pixel circuit PC2 may include a firsttransistor T1, a second transistor T2, a third transistor T3, a firstcapacitor Cst, a second capacitor Cpr and an organic light emittingdiode OLED.

The pixel circuit PC2 may include three transistors and two capacitorsas the pixel circuit PC1 described in the previous exemplary. However,each of the first, second and third transistors T1, T2 and T3 accordingto the exemplary embodiment may be a P-type transistor. The P-typetransistor is turned on when a control electrode of the P-typetransistor receives a low voltage and is turned off when the controlelectrode of the P-type transistor receives a high voltage. According tothe exemplary embodiment, the low voltage may be a turn-on voltage ofthe transistor and the high voltage may be a turn-off voltage of thetransistor.

Hereinafter, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the sameor like parts as those described in the previous exemplary embodiments,and the same detailed explanations are not repeated unless necessary.

The first transistor T1 may include a control electrode CE1 connected toa first node N1, a first electrode E11 connected to a second voltageline VL2 and a second electrode E12 connected to a second node N2. Thesecond voltage line VL2 is configured to receive the first power sourcesignal ELVDD.

The first power source signal ELVDD may have a high voltage which is avoltage of a normal positive power source signal and a low voltage whichis a predetermined low voltage for driving the pixel circuit PC2.

The second transistor T2 may include a control electrode CE2 connectedto the n-th scan line SLn, a first electrode E21 connected to the firstnode N1 and a second electrode E22 connected to the second node N2. Then-th scan line SLn is configured to receive an n-th scan signal S(n).The n-th scan signal S(n) may have a low voltage which turns on thesecond transistor T2 and a high voltage which turns off the secondtransistor T2.

The third transistor T3 may include a control electrode CE3 connected tothe third voltage line VL3, a first electrode E31 connected to the firstvoltage line VL1 and a second electrode E32 connected to the second nodeN2. The first voltage line VL1 is configured to receive a first drivingsignal Vinit and the third voltage line VL3 is configured to receive asecond driving signal Vcomp.

The first driving signal Vinit may have high and low voltages which arepredetermined high and low voltages for driving the pixel circuit PC2.

The second driving signal Vcomp may have a low voltage which turns onthe third transistor T3 and a high voltage which turns off the thirdtransistor T3. For example, the high and low voltages of the seconddriving signal Vcomp may be equal to those of the n-th scan signal S(n),respectively.

The first capacitor Cst may be connected between the first voltage lineVL1 and the first node N1. The first capacitor Cst may store a nodevoltage applied to the first node N1.

The second capacitor Cpr may be connected between the second node N2 andm-th data line DLm. The second capacitor Cpr may store the data voltageapplied to the m-th data line DLm.

The first and second capacitors Cst and Cpr may be connected to thefirst node in series N1 through the second transistor T2. The datavoltage applied to the m-th data line DLm may be divided by a voltagedivision ratio of the first and second capacitors Cst and Cpr and then,divided data voltage may be applied to the first node N1.

The organic light emitting diode OLED may include an anode electrodeconnected to the second node N2 and a cathode electrode which receivesthe second power source signal ELVSS. The second power source signalELVSS may have a low voltage of a normal negative power source signal.

When the transistor T1 is turned on, a driving current corresponding tothe data voltage of the first node N1 may flow through the organic lightemitting diode OLED and thus, the organic light emitting diode OLED mayemit the light.

FIG. 9 is a timing chart illustrating a plurality of input signals of adisplay apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, the frame period may include a first period‘a’ during which the anode electrode of the organic light emitting diodeOLED is initialized, a second period ‘b’ during which the thresholdvoltage of the first transistor T1 is compensated, a third period ‘c’during which the data voltage is programmed and a fourth period ‘d’during which the organic light emitting diode OLED emit the light.

Referring to the first period ‘a’, a first voltage line VL1 receives alow voltage initL of the first driving signal Vinit. The third voltageline VL3 may receive a low voltage VGL of the second driving signalVcomp. The second voltage line VL2 may receive a low voltage ELVDD_(L)of the first power source signal ELVDD. The cathode electrode of theorganic light emitting diode OLED may receive a second power sourcesignal ELVSS.

The low voltage initL of the first driving signal Vinit and the secondpower source signal ELVSS may be defined as the following Equation 5.

ELVSS>ELVDD_(L)>init_(L)  Equation 5

For example, the low voltage initL of the first driving signal Vinit maybe about −6 V, the low voltage ELVDDL of the first power source signalELVDD may be about −2 V, and the second power source signal ELVSS may beabout 0 V.

The plurality of scan lines SL1, . . . , SLn, . . . , SLN maysimultaneously receive the low voltages VGL of the plurality of scansignals S(1), . . . , S(n), . . . S(N). Thus, an n-th scan line SLnreceives the low voltage VGL of an n-th scan signal S(n). For example,the low voltage VGL of the scan signal may be about −10 V.

The plurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM may receive areference voltage Vref. The reference voltage Vref may be equal to orlower than a lowest voltage in a voltage range of the data voltage. Forexample, when the voltage range of the data voltage is about 1.5 V toabout 4.5 V, the reference voltage Vref may be equal to or lower thanabout 1.5 V.

Referring to a method of driving the pixel circuit PC2 in the firstperiod ‘a’, the low voltage initL of the first driving signal Vinit isapplied to the first node N1. The first transistor T1 is turned on inresponse to the low voltage initL of the first driving signal Vinitapplied to the first node N1. The second transistor T2 is turned on inresponse to the low voltage VGL of the n-th scan signal S(n). The anodeelectrode of the organic light emitting diode OLED connected to thesecond node N2 may be initialized by the low voltage initL of the firstdriving signal Vinit.

The low voltage ELVDD_(L) of the first power source signal ELVDD may behigher than the low voltage initL of the first driving signal Vinit. Thelow voltage ELVDDL of the first power source signal ELVDD is applied tothe second node N2 through the turned-on first transistor T1.

During the first period ‘a’, the anode electrodes of the organic lightemitting diodes OLED in all pixels may be initialized by the low voltageinitL of the first driving signal Vinit, simultaneously.

Referring to the second period ‘b’, the first voltage line VL1 isconfigured to receive the low voltage initL of the first driving signalVinit, the third voltage line VL3 is configured to receive the highvoltage VGH of second driving signal Vcomp, and the second voltage lineVL2 is configured to receive a low voltage ELVDD_(L) of the first powersource signal ELVDD. The cathode electrode of the organic light emittingdiode OLED is configured to receive the second power source signalELVSS.

The plurality of scan lines SL1, . . . , SLn, . . . , SLN is configuredto simultaneously receive low voltages VGL of the plurality of scansignals S(1), . . . , S(n), . . . S(N) as the first period ‘a’.

The plurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM is configuredto receive the reference voltage Vref as the first period ‘a’.

Referring to the method of driving the pixel circuit PC2 in the secondperiod ‘b’, the second transistor T2 is turned on in response to the lowvoltage VGL of the n-th scan signal S(n). The third transistor T3 isturned off in response to the high voltage VGH of the second drivingsignal Vcomp.

The control electrode CE1 and the second electrode E12 of the firsttransistor T1 are connected to each other through the turned-on secondtransistor T2. The first transistor T1 of the P-type transistor includesthe first electrode E11 receiving the low voltage EVDDL of the firstpower source signal ELVDD and the second electrode E12 receiving the lowvoltage initL of the first driving signal. Thus, the first electrode E11of the first transistor T1 may drive as the source and the secondelectrode E12 may drive as the drain. Therefore, the gate and the drainof the first transistor T1 may be connected through the turned-on secondtransistor T2 and thus, the first transistor T1 may be diode-connected.The first node N1 connected to the control electrode CE1 of the firsttransistor T1 receives a voltage corresponding to a difference voltagebetween the low voltage ELVDD_(L) of the first power source signal andthe threshold voltage Vth,T1 of the first transistor T1. When the firsttransistor T1 is the P-type transistor, the threshold voltage of thefirst transistor T1 may be a negative voltage. Hereinafter, thethreshold voltage of the first transistor T1 being the P-type transistormay be an absolute value of the threshold voltage being the negativenumber.

Therefore, the threshold voltages of the first transistors T1 in allpixels may be simultaneously compensated using the difference voltagebetween the low voltage ELVDDL of the first power source signal ELVDDand the threshold voltage Vth,T1 of corresponding first transistor T1.

Referring to the third period ‘c’, the first voltage line VL1 isconfigured to receive the low voltage initL of the first driving signalVinit, the third voltage line VL3 is configured to receive the highvoltage VGH of the second driving signal Vcomp, and the second voltageline VL2 is configured to receive the low voltage ELVDDL of the firstpower source signal ELVDD. The cathode electrode of the organic lightemitting diode OLED is configured to receive the second power sourcesignal ELVSS.

The plurality of scan lines SL1, . . . , SLn, . . . , SLN is configuredto sequentially receive low voltages VGL of the plurality of scansignals S(1), . . . , S(n), . . . S(N). The plurality of data lines DL1,. . . , DLm, . . . , DLM is configured to receive the data voltage DATAcorresponding to the plurality of horizontal lines in synchronizationwith the low voltages VGL of the plurality of scan signals S(1), . . . ,S(n), . . . S(N).

Therefore, the n-th scan line SLn receives the low voltage VGL of ann-th scan signal S(n) during an n-th horizontal period Hn of the thirdperiod ‘c’. The m-th data line DLm receives an n-th data voltageVdata(n) of an n-th horizontal line corresponding to the n-th horizontalperiod Hn during the n-th horizontal period Hn.

Referring to the method of driving the pixel circuit PC2 in the thirdperiod ‘c’, the low voltage ELVDD_(L) of the first power source signalELVDD is applied to the first electrode E11 of the first transistor T1,and a voltage corresponding to the n-th data voltage Vdata(n) is appliedto the second electrode E12 of the first transistor T1. A high voltagehigher than a voltage of the first electrode E11 of the first transistorT1 is applied to the second electrode E12 of the first transistor T1 andthus, a current may not flow through the first transistor T1.

The second transistor T2 is turned on in response to the low voltage VGLof the n-th scan signal S(n), and then the first node N1 is connected tothe second node N2. The first capacitor Cst and the second capacitor Cprare connected to the first node N1 in series through the turned-onsecond transistor T2.

The first transistor T1 which has the control electrode CE1 connected tothe first node N1 is turned off. The first node N1 receives a voltagecorresponding to a difference voltage between the low voltage ELVDD_(L)of the first power source signal ELVDD and the threshold voltage Vth,T1of the first transistor T1.

The third transistor T3 is turned off in response to the high voltageVGH of the second driving signal Vcomp.

The n-th data voltage Vdata(n) corresponding to the pixel circuit PC2 isapplied to the m-th data line DLm. The m-th data line DLm receives adifference voltage (ΔVdata=Vdata(n)−Vref) between the n-th data voltageVdata(n) and the reference voltage Vref.

The first and second capacitors Cst and Cpr which are connected to thefirst node N1 in series has a voltage division ratio α corresponding tothe first node N1.

The difference voltage ΔVdata is divided by the voltage division ratio αof the first and second capacitors Cst and Cpr and the divided voltage αΔVdata corresponding to the n-th data voltage Vdata(n) is applied to thefirst node N1.

Therefore, a voltage defined as the following Equation 6 may be appliedto the first node N1 during the n-th horizontal period Hn.

ELVDD_(L)−V_(th,T1)+α·ΔV_(data)  Equation 6

According to the exemplary embodiment, the third period ‘c’ may includea first holding period h1 corresponding to an early period of the thirdperiod ‘c’ and a second holding period h2 corresponding to a late periodof the third period ‘c’.

The first holding period h1 may correspond to a period which is before afirst horizontal period in which the data voltage Vdata(1) of a firsthorizontal line is applied to the plurality of data lines DL1, . . . ,DLm, . . . , DLM. During the first holding period h1, the referencevoltage Vref is applied to the plurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm,. . . , DLM and thus, the plurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . .. , DLM may hold the reference voltage Vref before the first horizontalperiod.

The second holding period h2 may correspond to a period which is afteran N-th horizontal period in which the data voltage Vdata(N) of an N-thhorizontal line, that is a last horizontal line, is applied to theplurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM. During the secondholding period h2, the reference voltage Vref is applied to theplurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM and thus, theplurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM may hold thereference voltage Vref after the N-th horizontal period.

Referring to the fourth period ‘d’, the high voltage initH of the firstdriving signal Vinit is applied to the first voltage line VL1. The highvoltage initH of the first driving signal Vinit may be determined to apredetermined voltage for turning on the first transistor T1. Forexample, the high voltage initH of the first driving signal Vinit may beabout 2.5 V.

The third voltage line VL3 is configured to receive the high voltage VGHof the second driving signal Vcomp.

The second voltage line VL2 is configured to receive the high voltageELVDDH of the first power source signal ELVDD. For example, the highvoltage ELVDDH of the first power source signal ELVDD may be about 7 V.

The cathode electrode of the organic light emitting diode OLED isconfigured to receive the second power source signal ELVSS.

The plurality of scan lines SL1, . . . , SLn, SLN is configured tosimultaneously receive high voltages VGH of the plurality of scansignals S(1), . . . , S(n), . . . S(N).

The plurality of data lines DL1, . . . , DLm, . . . , DLM is configuredto simultaneously receive the reference voltage Vref.

Referring to the method of driving the pixel circuit PC2 in the fourthperiod ‘d’, the first node N1 may have a node voltage as the followingEquation 7.

ELVDD_(L)−V_(th,T1)+α·ΔV_(data)+ΔV_(init)  Equation 7

In Equation 7, the difference voltage ΔVinit represents a differencevoltage between the high and low voltages initH and initL of the firstdriving signal Vinit.

When the node voltage defined as the following Equation 7 is applied tothe control electrode CE1 of the first transistor T1, the firsttransistor T1 is turned on based on the difference voltage ΔVinit. Then,the high voltage ELVDD_(H) of the first power source signal ELVDD isapplied to the first electrode E11 of the first transistor T1 and thus,a driving current corresponding to the data voltage applied to the firstnode N, may flow through the organic light emitting diode OLED.

The second transistor T2 is turned off in response to the high voltageVGH of the n-th scan signal S(n) and the third transistor T3 is turnedoff in response to the high voltage VGH of the second driving signalVcomp.

Therefore, during the fourth period ‘d’, driving currents correspondingto data voltages applied to the plurality of pixels, may flow throughorganic light emitting diodes OLEDs in the plurality of pixels and thus,the organic light emitting diodes OLEDs in the plurality of pixels maysimultaneously emit the light.

According to the exemplary embodiment, the pixel circuit may includeonly three transistors and two capacitors and thus, an ultra highdefinition display may be easily designed using the pixel circuit. Inaddition, the compensating period in the frame period may be freelycontrolled and thus, sufficiently obtained. In addition, whether theorganic light emitting diode emits or not the light may be controlled byadjusting a level of the first power source signal.

FIGS. 10 to 12 are circuit diagrams illustrating pixel circuitsaccording to exemplary embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 10, a pixel circuit PC3 may include a first transistorT1, a second transistor T2, a third transistor T3, a first capacitorCst, a second capacitor Cpr and an organic light emitting diode OLED.According to the exemplary embodiment, the second transistor T2 may havea dual gate structure to avoid a leakage current.

Each of the first, second and third transistors T1, T2 and T3 in thepixel circuit PC3 may be an N-type transistor. The pixel circuit PC3having the N-type transistor may drive as the pixel circuit PC1described in the previous exemplary referring to FIGS. 2 and 3.

Alternatively, each of the first, second and third transistors T1, T2and T3 in the pixel circuit PC3 may be a P-type transistor. The pixelcircuit PC3 having the P-type transistor may drive as the pixel circuitPC2 described in the previous exemplary referring to FIGS. 8 and 9.

Referring to FIG. 11, a pixel circuit PC4 may include a first transistorT1, a second transistor T2, a third transistor T3, a first capacitorCst, a second capacitor Cpr and an organic light emitting diode OLED.According to the exemplary embodiment, the third transistor T3 may havea dual gate structure to avoid a leakage current.

Each of the first, second and third transistors T1, T2 and T3 in thepixel circuit PC4 may be an N-type transistor. The pixel circuit PC4having the N-type transistor may drive as the pixel circuit PC1described in the previous exemplary referring to FIGS. 2 and 3.

Alternatively, each of the first, second and third transistors T1, T2and T3 in the pixel circuit PC4 may be a P-type transistor. The pixelcircuit PC4 having the P-type transistor may drive as the pixel circuitPC2 described in the previous exemplary referring to FIGS. 8 and 9.

Referring to FIG. 12, a pixel circuit PC5 may include a first transistorT1, a second transistor T2, a third transistor T3, a first capacitorCst, a second capacitor Cpr and an organic light emitting diode OLED.According to the exemplary embodiment, the second and third transistorsT2 and T3 may have a dual gate structure to avoid a leakage current.

Each of the first, second and third transistors T1, T2 and T3 in thepixel circuit PC5 may be an N-type transistor. The pixel circuit PC5having the N-type transistor may drive as the pixel circuit PC1described in the previous exemplary referring to FIGS. 2 and 3.

Alternatively, each of the first, second and third transistors T1, T2and T3 in the pixel circuit PC5 may be P-type transistor. The pixelcircuit PC5 having the P-type transistor may drive as the pixel circuitPC2 described in the previous exemplary referring to FIGS. 8 and 9.

According to the exemplary embodiment, the pixel circuit may includeonly three transistors and two capacitors and thus, an ultra highdefinition display may be easily designed using the pixel circuit. Inaddition, the length of the compensating period in the frame period maybe freely controlled and thus, a sufficient compensating period isobtained. In addition, whether the organic light emitting diode emits ornot the light may be controlled by adjusting a level of the first powersource signal. In addition, the leakage current of the transistor may beavoided.

FIG. 13 is a plan view illustrating a display part of a displayapparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 13, the pixel circuit may be formed in a pixelcircuit area PA. Thus, the first voltage line VL1, the second voltageline VL2, the third voltage line VL3, the n-th scan line SLn, the m-thdata line DLm, first transistor T1, the second transistor T2, the thirdtransistor T3, the first capacitor Cst and the second capacitor Cpr maybe formed in the pixel circuit area PA.

The first voltage line VL1 may transfer a first driving signal Vinit andextend in the first direction D1.

The second voltage line VL2 may transfer a first power source signalELVDD and extend in the first direction D1.

The third voltage line VL3 may transfer a second driving signal Vcompand extend in the second direction D2.

The n-th scan line SLn may transfer an n-th scan signal S(n) and extendin the second direction D2.

The m-th data line DLm may transfer a data voltage and extend in thefirst direction D1. The m-th data line DLm may be formed across acentral area of the pixel circuit area PA.

The first transistor T1 may include a control electrode CE1, a firstelectrode E11, and a second electrode E12. The control electrode CE1 mayhave an island shape and be formed in the central area of the pixelcircuit area PA. The first electrode E11 may be defined in a portionarea of the second voltage line VL2 which is connected to an activepattern ACT through a first contact part CH1. The second electrode E12may be defined in a portion area of the second capacitor Cpr which isconnected to the active pattern ACT through a second contact part CH2.

The second transistor T2 may include a control electrode CE2, a firstelectrode E21, and a second electrode E22. The control electrode CE2 maybe defined in a portion area of the n-th scan line SLn. The firstelectrode E21 may be defined as an electrode which is connected to theactive pattern ACT through a third contact part CH3. The secondelectrode E22 may be defined in a portion area of the second capacitorCpr which is connected to the active pattern ACT through the secondcontact part CH2. The first electrode E21 may be connected to thecontrol electrode CE1 of the first transistor T1 through a fourthcontact part CH4.

The third transistor T3 may include a control electrode CE3, a firstelectrode E31, and a second electrode E32. The control electrode CE3 maybe defined in a portion area of the third voltage line VL2. The firstelectrode E31 may be defined in a portion area of the third voltage lineVL3 which is connected to the active pattern ACT through a fifth contactpart CH5. The second electrode E32 may be defined in a portion area ofthe second capacitor Cpr which is connected to the active pattern ACTthrough the second contact part CH2.

The third voltage line VL3 may be connected to the third voltage lineVL3 which is formed in an adjacent pixel circuit area, through aconnection line and a sixth contact part CH6.

The first capacitor Cst may be defined in an overlapping area in whichan electrode extending in the second direction D2 from the first voltageline VL1 overlaps with the control electrode CE1 of the first transistorT1.

The second capacitor Cpr may be defined in an overlapping area in whichan electrode having the island shape in the central area of the pixelcircuit area PA overlaps with the m-th data line DLm. The secondcapacitor Cpr may overlap with the first capacitor Cst.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line I-I′ of FIG. 13.FIGS. 15 to 19 are plan views illustrating a method of manufacturing ofthe display part according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 14 and 15, the display part may include a basesubstrate 111.

The base substrate 111 may include an insulation material. For example,the base substrate 111 may include a glass, a transparent plastic, atransparent metal oxide, etc.

The active pattern ACT may be disposed on the base substrate 111. Theactive pattern ACT may include silicon. Alternatively, the activepattern ACT may be formed of a semiconductor oxide including a binarycompound (ABx), a ternary compound (ABxCy), a quaternary compound(ABxCyDz), etc. which contain indium, zinc, gallium, tin, titanium,aluminum, hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), magnesium (Mg), etc. Thesecompounds may be used alone or in combination thereof.

The active pattern ACT may include first to sixth areas a1, a2, a3, a4,a5 and a6. The first to sixth areas a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 and a6 may bedoped with an impurity, and thus may have electrical conductivity higherthan those of other regions of the active pattern ACT. The first tosixth areas a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 and a6 may be first and second electrodesof first, second and third transistors T1, T2 and T3. Boundaries betweenthe first to sixth areas a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 and a6 may not be clearlydefined and first to sixth areas a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 and a6 may beelectrically connected to each other.

A gate insulating layer 112 may be disposed on the active pattern ACT.The gate insulating layer 112 may include a silicon compound, metaloxide, etc. For example, the gate insulation layer may include siliconoxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, tantalumoxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, etc., which maybe used alone or in combination thereof. In one embodiment, the gateinsulation layer 112 may have a multilayer structure including a siliconoxide layer and silicon nitride layer.

A first conductive pattern MET1 which is patterned from a firstconductive layer, may be disposed on the gate insulating layer 112. Thefirst conductive layer may include metal, alloy, metal nitride,conductive metal oxide, transparent conductive material, etc., which maybe used alone or in combination thereof.

The first conductive pattern MET1 may include the n-th scan line SLn,the control electrode CE2 of the second transistor T2, the third voltageline VL3, the control electrode CE3 of the third transistor T3, thecontrol electrode CE1 of the first transistor T1, and the firstcapacitor electrode CSE1 of the first capacitor Cst.

The n-th scan line SLn may extend in the second direction D2.

The control electrode CE2 of the second transistor T2 may be defined ina portion area of the n-th scan line SLn.

The third voltage line VL3 may be disposed in parallel with the n-thscan line SLn.

The control electrode CE3 of the third transistor T3 may be defined in aportion area of the third voltage line VL3.

The control electrode CE1 of the first transistor T1 may have an islandshape and be disposed in a central area of the pixel circuit area PA.

The first capacitor electrode CSE1 of the first capacitor Cst may bedefined in a portion area of the control electrode CE1.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 14 and 16, a first insulating interlayer 113 maybe disposed on the first conductive pattern MET1. The first insulatinginterlayer 113 may be formed of a silicon oxide, a silicon nitride, asilicon oxynitride, and etc. These may be used alone or in combinationwith each other.

The pixel circuit area PA may include a third contact part CH3, a fourthcontact part CH4 and a fifth contact part CH5. The gate insulating layer112 and the first insulating interlayer 113 are etched to form the thirdand fifth contact parts CH3 and CH5. The insulating interlayer 113 areetched to form the fourth contact part CH4.

A second conductive pattern MET2 which is patterned from a secondconductive layer, may be disposed on the first insulating interlayer113. The second conductive layer metal, alloy, metal nitride, conductivemetal oxide, transparent conductive material, etc., which may be usedalone or in combination thereof.

The second conductive pattern MET2 may include the first voltage lineVL1, a second capacitor electrode CSE2 of the first capacitor Cst, afirst electrode E21 of the second transistor T2 and the first electrodeE31 of the third transistor T3.

The first voltage line VL1 may extend in the first direction D1. Thesecond capacitor electrode CSE2 of the first capacitor Cst may extend inthe second direction D2 from the first voltage line VL1. The firstcapacitor Cst may be defined by the first electrode CSE1 of the firstconductive pattern MET1 and the second capacitor electrode CSE2 of thesecond conductive pattern MET2.

A first end portion of the first electrode E21 may be connected to theactive pattern ACT through the third contact part CH3 and a second endportion of the first electrode E21 may be connected to the controlelectrode CE1 of the first transistor T1 through the fourth contact partCH4.

The first electrode E31 of the third transistor T3 may be defined in aportion area of the first voltage line VL1 and be connected to theactive pattern ACT through the fifth contact part CH5.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 14 and 17, a second insulating interlayer 114 maybe disposed on the second conductive pattern MET2. The pixel circuitarea PA may include a sixth contact part CH6 in which the first andsecond insulating interlayers 113 and 114 are etched.

A third conductive pattern MET3 which is patterned from a thirdconductive layer, may be disposed on the second insulating interlayer114. The third conductive pattern MET3 may include the m-th data lineDLm, a third capacitor electrode CPE1 of the second capacitor Cpr and aconnection electrode EE.

The m-th data line DLm may extend in the first direction D1 and bedisposed in the central area of the pixel circuit area PA.

The third capacitor electrode CPE1 of the second capacitor Cpr mayextend from the m-th data line DLm.

The connection electrode EE may be connected to the third voltage lineVL3 and a third voltage line VL3 which is disposed in an adjacent pixelcircuit area, through the sixth contact part CH6.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 14 and 18, a third insulating interlayer 115 maybe disposed on the third conductive pattern MET3. The pixel circuit areaPA may include a first contact part CH1 and a second contact part CH2 inwhich the gate insulating layer 112, the first insulating interlayer113, the second insulating interlayer 114 and the third insulatinginterlayer 115 are etched.

A fourth conductive pattern MET4 which is patterned from a fourthconductive layer may be disposed on the third insulating interlayer 115.

The fourth conductive pattern MET4 may include the second voltage lineVL2, the first electrode E11 of the first transistor T1, a fourthcapacitor electrode CPE2 of the second capacitor Cpr, the secondelectrode E12 of the first transistor T1, the second electrode E22 ofthe second transistor T2 and the second electrode E32 of the thirdtransistor T3.

The second voltage line VL2 may extend in the first direction D1 and maydefine a width of the pixel circuit area PA in the first direction D1together with a second voltage line VL2 in the adjacent pixel circuitarea PA.

The first electrode E11 of the first transistor T1 may be defined in aportion area of the second voltage line VL2 connected to the activepattern AC through the first contact part CH1.

The fourth capacitor electrode CPE2 of the second capacitor Cpr may havean island shape and be disposed in the central area of the pixel circuitarea PA. The second capacitor Cpr may be defined by the third capacitorelectrode CPE1 of the third conductive pattern MET3 and the fourthcapacitor electrode CPE2 of the fourth conductive pattern MET4.

The second electrode E12 of the first transistor T1, the secondelectrode E22 of the second transistor T2 and the second electrode E32of the third transistor T3 may respectively defined in portion areas ofthe fourth capacitor electrode CPE2 connected to the active pattern ACTthrough the second contact part CH2.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 14 and 19, a fourth insulating interlayer 116 maybe disposed on the fourth conductive pattern MET4. The fourth insulatinginterlayer 116 may be formed with a high thickness to sufficiently coverthe fourth conductive pattern MET4.

The pixel circuit area PA may include a seventh contact part CH7 inwhich the fourth insulating interlayer 116 is etched.

A first pixel electrode PE1 may be disposed on the fourth insulatinginterlayer 116. The first pixel electrode PE1 may correspond to theanode electrode of the organic light emitting diode.

A pixel defining layer 117 may be disposed on the fourth insulatinginterlayer 116 on which the first pixel electrode PE1 is formed.

The pixel defining layer 117 may form an opening on a portion area ofthe first pixel electrode PE1, and the organic light emitting layer ELmay be disposed in the opening. Thus, the organic light emitting layerEL may be on the first pixel electrode PE1 exposed through the openingof the pixel defined layer 117.

A second pixel electrode PE2 may be disposed on the organic lightemitting layer EL. The second pixel electrode PE2 may correspond to thecathode electrode of the organic light emitting diode. The second pixelelectrode PE2 may be commonly disposed in the plurality of pixel circuitareas.

According to the exemplary embodiments, the pixel circuit may includeonly three transistors and two capacitors and thus, an ultra highdefinition display may be easily designed using the pixel circuit. Inaddition, the length of the compensating period in the frame period maybe freely controlled and thus, a sufficient compensating period isobtained. In addition, whether the organic light emitting diode emits ornot the light may be controlled by adjusting a level of the first powersource signal.

The foregoing is illustrative of the inventive concept and is not to beconstrued as limiting thereof. Although a few exemplary embodiments ofthe inventive concept have been described, those skilled in the art willreadily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplaryembodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings andadvantages of the inventive concept. Accordingly, all such modificationsare intended to be included within the scope of the inventive concept asdefined in the claims. In the claims, means-plus-function clauses areintended to cover the structures described herein as performing therecited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalentstructures. Therefore, it is to be understood that the foregoing isillustrative of the inventive concept and is not to be construed aslimited to the specific exemplary embodiments disclosed, and thatmodifications to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, as well as otherexemplary embodiments, are intended to be included within the scope ofthe appended claims. The inventive concept is defined by the followingclaims, with equivalents of the claims to be included therein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A display device including a plurality of pixels,wherein a pixel of the plurality of pixels comprises: a first transistorcomprising a control electrode connected to a first node, a firstelectrode connected to a second voltage line receiving a first powersource signal and a second electrode connected to a second node; a firstcapacitor connected between a first voltage line receiving a firstdriving signal and the first node; an organic light emitting diodecomprising an anode electrode connected to the second node and a cathodeelectrode receiving a second power source signal; and a second capacitorconnected between an m-th data line and the second node (wherein, ‘m’ isa natural number.
 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the pixelfurther comprises: a second transistor comprising a control electrodeconnected to an n-th scan line (wherein, ‘n’ is a natural number), afirst electrode connected to the first node and a second electrodeconnected to the second node.
 3. The display device of claim 2, whereinthe pixel further comprises: a third transistor comprising a controlelectrode connected to a third voltage line receiving a second drivingsignal, a first electrode connected to the first voltage line and asecond electrode connected to the second node.
 4. The display device ofclaim 3, wherein each of the first, second and third transistors is anN-type transistor, and wherein a low voltage of the first driving signalis greater than a sum of a low voltage of the first power source and athreshold voltage of the first transistor and less than a sum of thesecond power source signal and a turn on voltage of the organic lightemitting diode.
 5. The display device of claim 3, wherein each of thefirst, second and third transistors is a P-type transistor, and whereina low voltage of the first power source signal is greater than a lowvoltage of the first driving signal and less than the second powersource signal.